THE PARALYMPIC

The Paralympic Games are an official Olympic competition founded by Ludwig Guttmann in 1960, for certain types of athletes with physical, mental and / or sensory and motor disabilities, amputations, blindness, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities.

Symbol

The flag representing the Paralympic Games logo corresponds to the ICC and has undergone several changes. Collect three elements of red, green and blue, the three colors used on national flags.

In the 1988 Paralympics in Seoul Tae-Geuks used, traditional Korean motif as the two that appear in the center of the flag of South Korea: Tae-Guks with five colors and layout of the five Olympic rings. In 1991 the IOC objected to this design and five were in three ways (removing the black and yellow).
In 2003 it adopted the current image, to be used after completion of the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games. The three ways to appear like a boomerang shape that have been dubbed "Agitos" (from Latin agito, that is, "I move").

Name
The name incorporates the Greek prefix παρα to, meaning proximity or similarity (with the Olympics) although at the time the name was due to the presence of participants with paralysis or paraplegia.

Sports

Paralympic Sports is the umbrella term for a wide range of sports for people with physical disabilities. FAP with physical handicaps participate in sports and games at different levels, but concerns Paralympics sports competition organized as part of an overall Paralympic movement. These sports are organized and carried out under the supervision of the International Paralympic Committee and other international sports federations.


Organized sports for people with a physical handicap were born developed rehabilitation programs. After World War II, to address the large number of people injured after military service, as well as civilians, sport was introduced as a key part of rehabilitation. The sport evolved rehabilitation and finally recreational sport competitive sport. The pioneer of this approach was Ludwig Guttman of Stoke Maneville Hospital in England. In 1948, while the Olympics were held in London, he organized a sports competition for wheelchair athletes at Stoke Mandeville. This was the beginning of the Stoke Mandeville Games, which later would become in modern Paralympic sports games.

Classification

A major component in Paralympic sports is classification. The classification provides a framework for allowing competition against other athletes with similar disabilities or similar physical performance levels. Similar to procure weight class or age categories used in some common sports.

Athletes are classified by a variety of processes that depend on the disability group to which they belong and the sport in which they participate. The evaluation may include a physical examination or medical, as a technical evaluation of the athlete performs certain physical functions related to sport and observation in and out of competition. Each sport has its own specific classification system that is part of the rules of the sport.

The Paralympic Games program includes 20 sports, 2012: Paralympic Archery, Paralympic Athletics, Boccia, Paralympic Cycling route, Paralympic Track Cycling, Paralympic Equestrian, Football 5 Football 7, Goalball, Judo Paralympic power lifting, rowing Paralympic Sailing Paralympic Shooting Paralympic Swimming Paralympic, Paralympic table Tennis, Volleyball - sitting, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair fencing on, on Wheelchair Rugby.

> The Boccia is a sport suitable for athletes with cerebral palsy. The aim is that the competitor launches a group of colored balls as close as possible to a white ball, very similar to the game of bocce ball or French. Britain won its first gold medal in boccia team in the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games.

  > The goalball is for athletes who are blind or visually impaired. The goal is to roll the ball into the opposite goal while opponents try to block the ball with their bodies. The hoods placed inside the ball enable the players to place it. Given the unique nature of the event need absolute silence within the room while playing.

> Rowing is the newest sport in the Paralympic program. The first Paralympic rowing competition in Beijing 2008.

> The prefix order, word Paralympic means "together" or "parallel" to the Olympics.

ATHLETES'S BIOGRPHIES

Amalia Perez is a Mexican weightlifter who is part of the select list of creditors gold Paralympic athletes. Past Paralympics held in Beijing (China) in 2008, she was crowned as Queen of Powerlifting (powerlifting). A goal that the athlete-born in Mexico City in 1973 - and had cherished in previous Paralympic events, then both Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004 he won silver medals paths, nothing strange situation in a career full of successes national and international. In fact, Amalia Perez currently holds world and Paralympic records in the category of less than 52 kilograms, not for nothing is a four-time world champion, and two Pan American Games champion. A brilliant curriculum that won in 2008, after obtaining the Paralympic gold, the National Sports Award. Then came the award for Best Athlete of the Americas, presented by Fox Sports in 2009.

Amalia Perez-like many others-is a figure Paralympic model for all, since their work helps us to understand better the sense of effort and strength of spirit, not only in sports, but in life, seeing that carrying capacity (and improvement) of man can overcome any barrier

Biographi: Natalia Partyka

Natalia Partyka (born July 27, 1989) is a Polish table tennis player. Born without a right hand and forearm, participates in competitions bodied athletes [3] as well as in competitions for athletes with disabilities. Partyka reached last 32 of the table tennis women London 2012 Olympic.

 Partyka began playing table tennis at the age of seven. He won his first international medal in table tennis at the 1999 World Championships disability. At the age of 11, competed in the Paralympic Summer Games 2000 in Sydney, becoming the world's youngest ever Paralympic. In 2004, he won a gold medal in the individual event and silver in the team event at the Athens Paralympics. Also in 2004, won two gold medals in the International Table Tennis Federation Cadet European Championship, which was open to competitors without disabilities. In 2006, Partyka won three gold medals at the European Championships Paralympics, a gold and two silvers at the International Paralympic Committee 's Table Tennis World Championships for disabled guests, and a silver in the team event in European Championship ITTF Junior. She won two silver medals and one bronze in the 2007 edition of the latter competition. Also in 2007, Partyka won three gold medals at the European Paralympic Championships, and a bronze in the ITTF World Junior Team Championships.

Opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the Paralympic Games called "Illumination" (Enlightenment) with the participation of 3,000 volunteers, including former Paralympians will, wounded soldiers or children of different neighborhoods of East London, and displayed more skills 100 disabled artists profesionales.Los XIV Paralympic Games, the largest ever organized, were inaugurated at the Olympic Stadium in Stratford, London in a ceremony marked by the re-ignition of the flame in the Olympic Stadium in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II and the British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, 70 years old, relegated to a wheelchair because of a disease degenerativa.Moisés Diego Rodriguez and Martinez are responsible for comment this gala, which swimmer Teresa Perales exercised Spanish flagship. the Paralympics deciomocuartos held from 29 August to 9 September, expect 4200 athletes from 160 countries and 471 events are scheduled. The opening is expected to involve 80,000.

By:Andrea Mendonca

THE OLYMPICS

The Olympics are multidisciplinary sports involving athletes from around the world, in ancient Greece were dedicated to the god Zeus. There are two types of Olympics: Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics, which take place at an interval of four years. The organization responsible for the conduct of these is the International Olympic Committee 
The current Olympic Games were inspired by the eighth century BC by the ancient Greeks organized in the city of Olympia, between the years 776. C. and 393 d. C. In the nineteenth century, the idea of making a similar event to organized in antiquity, which would be realized primarily through the efforts of the French nobleman Pierre Fredy, Baron de Coubertin. The first edition of the so-called Olympics of the modern era were held in Athens, capital of Greece. Since that time, the Summer Olympics have been held every four years in different parts of the planet, the only exceptions being the editions of 1916, 1940 and 1944, due to the outbreak of World War I and World War II.

Olympic torch

The Olympic torch was unveiled on June 8, 2011. Its design resembles a gold mesh, and contains eight thousand holes that represent the number of carriers and travel mileage until opening day (12,800 km) triangular shape has several meanings: the Olympic values ​​of "respect, excellence and friendship ", the Olympic motto" faster, higher, stronger ", the number of times the city has hosted the Olympics, and work areas of London 2012:" sport, education and culture. "Its creators were Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby.

Logo and graphic design

The logo was unveiled on 4 June 2007 by the Olympic Committee and the ambassadors of the game. Represents the number "2012" and includes the Olympic rings and the word 'London'. Its modern design showcased in pink, blue, green and orange means dynamism, and over time from submission to the opening day. Also symbolizes "the Olympic spirit and the willingness of the games to attract public participation." For the first time, the logo will have the same design for the Paralympic Games. Its creator was the brand consultancy Wolff Ollins.

Wenlock and Mandeville.

The official mascots of the Olympics and Paralympics are Wenlock and Mandeville. They were created by the company Iris and delivered on May 19, 2010. According to the story, both born of the drops falling steel construction of the last support beam of the Olympic Stadium in London.

Pet names refer to two British localities of concern to the Olympics. Wenlock's name is based in the town of Much Wenlock located in the county of Shropshire, where they took place Wenlock Olympics, organized by William Penny Brookes and one of the inspirations of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic movement. Mandeville's name, meanwhile, refers to Stoke Mandeville, in Buckinghamshire. There, in 1948, the same day they were opened London Olympics Dr. Ludwig Guttmann organized a competition for veterans of World War II who suffered spinal cord injuries, which laid the groundwork for the Paralympics .

Sports

In the sports tournament twenty-six developed covering Olympic sports disciplines thirty-nine. With respect to the previous edition, two sports were less with the removal of baseball and softball from the Olympic program. However, there was some news: for the first time took place in the women's boxing, also in track cycling the number of competitions for each gender was five, unlike in Beijing where he had five for men and three for women, and added in tennis mixed doubles competition.

Athlete biography

Melconian Gabriel Alvez (born July 7, 1987) is an Olympic swimmer back in Uruguay, with the bottom of Armenia.
Melconian competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in the men's 50 freestyle, 100 freestyle and men in the men's 4 × 100 meters freestyle relay, finishing ninth, 12th and 5th respectively.
In the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's 100 meter freestyle, finishing in 35th place overall in the playoffs, failing to qualify for the semifinals.

PHOTOS ATHLETES

Opening Ceremony

The opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games, called wonderful islands, February 1 began at 21:00 BST (UTC +1) on 27 July 2012, at the Olympic Stadium in London, and lasted nearly four hours, ending at 12:45 am Some early features including a flight training by the Red Arrows and a musical prologue started exactly at 8:12 pm that night ("2012" in the 24-hour clock). The ceremony was designed and coordinated by the Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle, with the musical direction of the electronic duo Underworld. The XXX Olympiad was opened by Queen Elizabeth II. A soundtrack was released digitally on the same day.

In June 2012, Boyle presented a preview of the opening ceremony, which promised a huge stage representing rural Britain, including "a rural cricket team, 12 horses, 10 chickens, 70 sheep, a model of Glastonbury Tor, two places for moshing, and harmoniously tuned largest bell in the world "and a May pole and a cloud producing rain. The intention was to show a preview of Britain's mystical landscape, rural and urban. The set design included a mosh pit at each end, one with people celebrating a festival of rock and the other the Proms. Boyle promised an opening ceremony in which everyone felt involved: "I hope this peculiar and stubborn reveal what we are, and that there is also, I hope, a certain warmth in us." The scenario was designed to be covered with natural grass sod and soil. The use of animals drew criticism from the organization of animal rights People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). Boyle replied to PETA, ensuring that the animals would be taken care.
As planned, the games were officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband Philip of Edinburgh. Were the second games opened by Queen Elizabeth, who had earlier opened the 1976 Montreal Olympics.
Music played an important role in the celebration of the inauguration. Just before the opening ceremony was held a concert in Hyde Park, with performances by Duran Duran, Snow Patrol, You Me at Six, Stereophonics and Paolo Nutini. Most of the music sounded during the ceremony itself was British. Survival, a song by the British band Muse, was designated as the official song of the Games, 10 to be performed before the medals ceremonies, and also to inform international presenters games. A.R. Rahman, Indian musician who had worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire Film (2008) and 127 hours (2000), stated that he had written a song Punjabi to become part of a medley showing Indian influence in the UK during the ceremony opening, according to the wishes of Boyle. Another Indian music, Ilaiyaraaja's song of the Tamil language film Ram Lakshman (1981), was also chosen to be part of this medley. The performance of Sir Paul McCartney was the closing act of the ceremony.

Oral evaluation

http://youtu.be/i4z17T6abHI

By: Aldana Mir, Andrea Mendonca, Florencia de la Cuadra, Giselle Pérez, Melany Sotto, Lucía Trindade.